Water Truck Used for Fighting Wild Fires, c. 1900

The Forest Ranger Service was established in 1885 to protect New York State’s forests. The Service still plays a vital role in environmental conservation today. New York has about 22 million acres of forested land to protect. When a forest fire breaks out, the forest rangers coordinate and supervise the firefighters who come to extinguish the fire. In addition to firefighters and forest rangers, volunteers from local communities also help fight the fires.

In the early twentieth century, forest fires ravaged eastern New York. In 1903, a forest fire started near Lake Placid in the High Peaks region of the Adirondacks. Powerful gusts of wind that blew through those high elevations spread the fire quickly, until it was out of control. From April 20th to June 8th of 1903, 600,000 acres of land were burned. People were forced to evacuate their homes, animals that were trapped in the forest died, and fish died in streams and rivers from the intense heat and ashes.

That same year, 643 other forest fires burned 464,000 acres of land in the Adirondacks and the Catskills, and caused around $700,000 worth of damages. In the year 2000, the Department of Environmental Conservation reported only 594 acres burned thanks to conservation and awareness efforts by the forest rangers.

 

How do human settlement patterns impact the environment?

 

Describe the scene in the photograph and explain why this equipment was needed.