New York State Archives
Throughout the Ages
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Questions | Buffalo | Chinese Communities

Humans Across Borders: U.S. Exclusion Policy Leads to Smuggling of Chinese Immigrants

Document 3

Vocabulary

Smuggling: To export or import illegally by taking secretly.
Violation: The breaking of a law or agreement.
Moral: Relating to an understanding of right and wrong behavior.
Acquitted: Having been found innocent of a crime.
Self-supporting: Able to survive on their own, able to work and earn money.
Over-zealous: Too enthusiastic or too eager.

Image. Article, Buffalo's Chinese Residents, Buffalo Times, 1902.
Document 3: "Buffalo's Chinese Residents," Buffalo Times January 18, 1902. Collection of Erie County Public Library.

Document 3 Short-Answer Questions

  1. What was the only crime that Chinese people in Buffalo had been charged with, to the reporter's knowledge?
  2. Why do you think the reporter felt smuggling was a "violation of the technical but not moral law?"
  3. What opinion did the reporter have about government officials and their treatment of Chinese?

Document 2 | Document 4

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