Research

The Office of the Special Prosecutor for Investigation of the New York City Criminal Justice System was established in 1972 by executive order. The Office had jurisdiction over the entire New York City criminal justice system, and in a few cases, was given authority to investigate alleged criminal activities by criminal justice personnel outside New York City.

In 1867 the first Adirondack reservoir built in order to manage river water was constructed on the Oswegatchie River. The reservoir raised Cranberry Lake thirteen feet and doubled its size. Since then, reservoirs have become the primary means to control flooding and drought in Adirondack rivers. In 1919 the Black River Regulating District was created in order to regulate water levels on the Black River through the use of dams and reservoirs.

The Capital Defender Office was established in 1995 with the enactment of legislation (L. 1995, Ch.1) returning capital punishment to the state's criminal statutes. On June 24, 2004, the New York State Court of Appeals ruled (People v. LaValle) that part of this legislation was unconstitutional and that until such time as the State Legislature revised the law, the state should not seek the death penalty. On October 23, 2007, the Court of Appeals ruled (People v. Taylor) that the state's last capital prisoner should be resentenced to life imprisonment.

The Office of Counter Terrorism (OCT) was created as part of the 2010 merger that established the Division of Homeland Security and Emergency Services. OCT includes staff and units from its predecessor, the Office of Homeland Security (OHS).

The first State financial aid to students at institutions of higher learning was a program of scholarships to Cornell University set up when the university was established in 1865 (Chapter 585). These scholarships were administered by the Department of Public Instruction and later by the State Education Department, and the first awards were made in 1868. In 1913 (Chapter 292) the Regents College Scholarships were established. These scholarships were awarded through a competitive examination and could be used at any approved college in New York State.

The New York State Commission on Public Integrity was established by the Public Employee Ethics Reform Act of 2007 to insure compliance with the ethical standards that public officials and lobbyists must observe in order to ensure public trust and confidence in government.

This division was established by legislation in 1926 in anticipation of the adoption of the 1927 constitutional amendment requiring the governor to prepare a State budget and the necessary appropriation bills to put it into effect. Until the late nineteenth century the management of State finance rested largely upon the legislature, which appropriated money, and upon the comptroller, who computed the amount of revenue needed to cover the legislative action and notified the counties of the amount they would be required to raise for the State through taxes on real and personal property.

In 1944, Governor Thomas E. Dewey appointed an interdepartmental committee to study the problem of juvenile delinquency. Upon the recommendation of this committee, the New York State Youth Commission, a temporary state commission comprised of a chairperson appointed by the governor and the commissioners of the departments of Correction, Education, Health, Mental Hygiene, and Social Welfare, the industrial commissioner, and the chairperson of the Board of Parole, was established in 1945 (Chapter 556).

Creation of the Department of Environmental Conservation in 1970 (Chapter 140) was preceded by over a century of State conservation activity carried out by a number of agencies. The first, a three-member Fisheries Commission, was established in 1868 (Chapter 285) to restore and protect the propagation of fish in the State's rivers, lakes, and streams.

New York State's first civil service law, enacted in 1883 (Chapter 354), provided for a merit system of competitive examinations for the appointment and promotion of State government employees. It established a Civil Service Commission, consisting of three persons appointed by the governor with advice and consent of the senate, to administer the law. In 1884 civil service provisions were extended to some local governments; municipal civil service commissions were established and supervised by the state commission.